What is Lap Length? When bars are positioned short of their needed length (due to a lack of longer bars) and need to be extended,...

The clear concrete cover plays a very important role in building a slab, column, beam, and footings. This article will guide you through all the...

Sand can also refer to a type of soil or a textural class of soil, such as one with more than 85 percent sand-sized particles...

Pavement markings, also known as road markings, are a part of the intelligence system for road users. In addition to road signs and signals, pavement...

What are Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Materials? Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials are defined by the Federal Highway Administration (FHA) of the United States Department...

What is Recycled Concrete Aggregate? Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are an alternative to natural aggregates in concrete ( NA ). Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are...

Cement is the most commonly used building material. It functions as a binder in concrete, binding aggregate and sand together. There are numerous hypotheses on...

Sand is a vital component of any building project. It’s a type of fine aggregate that can be natural or come in the form of...

What is a Concrete Form? A concrete form is a formwork system for reinforced cement concrete that includes strong thermal insulation. The concrete formwork is...

For urban services, soft-ground tunneling is widely used (subways, sewers, and other utilities). Because the ground arch in soft ground deteriorates with time, and to...

Vibration is a common hazard for workers in the construction industry. Vibration not only reduces their performance but also harms their health. Legislators and industrial...

What Is Damp Proof Course? The damp proof course is an important layer for any building walls that is installed near the ground to keep...